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Educational Simulation
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1. Introduction
In general, computer-based systems for simulating object movement have been developed to support learning of students as well as teaching of teachers. Many systems have been operated on a 2D plane where there are many constraints such as observation direction and movement of objects, so that learners could not get learning effects as long as they want. In order to solve the problems, 3D based object movement simulation systems have been developed. The 3D simulation systems have used mouse and/or keyboard for controlling user interaction giving a variety of velocity, acceleration and movement direction in physics education. However, the interface using mouse and keyboard is not suitable to give more realistic actions in physics education area. Due to the reasons, learners tend to be difficult to understand concepts of objects dynamics in physics education. In this paper, we use 3-axis acceleration motion sensor and Bluetooth to simulate more realistic user interactions. And also a 3D physics education virtual space will be provided to learners and teachers. The testing results show that the proposed 3D based simulation system gives learners and teachers learning immersion, and they understand physics concepts more concretely.
2. Object Movement Model and Motion Sensor
Given a velocity and acceleration, object movement in a 3D space is defined to be a continuous change of its position over time from an initial position as Equation 1: Here, P(t) is a position of object at the time t, P0 is an initial position, v (a ) is a scalar value for velocity (resp. acceleration). Finally, D = (Dx, Dy, Dz) is a vector representing movement direction. In testing environment, P0, v and a are given by learners and/or teachers, however, D can be changed according to learners' purpose. When learners use Mouse and Keyboard to simulate object movement, virtual trackball technique can be applied to compute D. However, the used Mouse and Keyboard are operated on the plane so that the input information is different from information caught from learners' action in real 3D testing environment.
2.1. Motion Sensor
The Motion Sensor(3-axis acceleration sensor) can recognize an acceleration value within the range of +/-3g. Therefore, translation information of controller' coordinate of Wii-remote can be caught from the acceleration values with respect to 3-axis (x, y, z). Rotation information of controller' coordinate of Wii-remote can be represented as roll, pitch, and yaw. The rotation information can be calculated by using Wiimote library which can be gotten from Wii-yourself homepage. Now, consider D. We can take two values, pitch and roll of six output values (x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw) of Wii-remote. In order to control object movement direction, we apply variations of pitch and roll, which can be obtained by operating a specific key in Wii-remote.
3. 3D Object Dynamics Simulation System In Virtual Space
Our proposed simulation system consists of connection part, data gathering part and visualization part. Connection part establishes connection with Wii-remote device, and data gathering part catches motion sensor value from Wii-remote device according to its motion after the connection, and visualization part try to simulate and render objects dynamics with the caught motion sensor values.
our system provides four modes, camera, simulation, object and graph. Learners can select one of them by pressing '+' or '-' in Wii-remote device. When they select camera control mode to control a specific camera designated in a 3D virtual space, they can change x- and z-values of a camera position by using four direction buttons in the Wii-remote device. To change camera direction, they can use Wii-remote moving during pressing A button. Object position can be controlled by using Wii-remote moving during pressing A button. In simulation control mode, learners can operate the action of object motion by pressing A button and then moving Wii-remote device. On releasing A button, the simulation will be ended.
4. Discussion and Further Research
We make middle school students to use our proposed 3D simulation system in purpose that they are able to learn more easily the concepts of force and movement in physics. The results show that their learning achievement by our 3D system is higher than one by traditional 2D simulation system. In our system, there are some errors in output values obtained from Wii-remote motion sensors since yaw value cannot be gotten. Therefore it is necessary to improve the system so that it can catch more precise input values from the motion sensors.
Acknowledgement
This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science Technology(MEST) and Korea Industrial Technology Foundation(KOTEF) through the human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation.
References
[1] Ken Shoemake, ARCBALL: A User Interface for Specifying Three-Dimensional Orientation Using a Mouse,
University of Pennsylvania
[2] Eun-Byeol Oh, Seung-Taek Ryoo, PC Based Drawing Using Wii Remote,
The Korea Contents Association 2009 Convergence Composition Contents Korea
, pp.70-73, 1995.
[3] Thijs, G. D. Evaluation of an introductory course on "force" considering students' preconceptions,
Science Education
, pp.155-174, 1992.
[4] Gunstone, R. F., Champagne, A. B., & Klopfer, L. E. Introduction for understanding: A case study. Australian Science Teachers Journal,
Australian Science Teachers Journal
, pp.155-174, 1981.
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